Redefining the satellite cell as the motor of skeletal muscle regeneration

Muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells, hold a central role in skeletal muscle endogenous regeneration potential. However, injury to the muscle alters satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, which can lead to muscle damage, fibrosis, and functional disability. Additionally, the injured microenvironment can worsen their survival. The etiology behind scar formation is multifactorial. Upon injury, the muscle undergoes a self-repair process. The regeneration process is comprised of degeneration, inflammation, angiogenesis, neogenesis, myogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Each of these components interacts in a complex ecosystem that is under constant surveillance and is tightly regulated. If the crosstalk among these components is disrupted, the healing process is affected and consequently, scar tissue will form. This review highlights how satellite cells act as the motor for normal muscle regeneration and repair. Published by www.inter-use.com. Available online July 26, 2015, Vol. 5 Issue 1, Page 76-82.